HENRY HEINZ provides New York with its first electric advertising display. It boasts 1,200 lights, and advertises 'good things for the table'
@
HUBERT CECIL BOOTH patents the vacuum cleaner
WALT DISNEY is born
HIROHITO is born
GUGLIELMO MARCONI transmits radio signals from England to Canada
KONSTANTIN STANISLAVSKY directs Three Sisters at the Moscow Arts Theatre
PABLO PICASSO'S first show is acclaimed by Paris critics
GUSTAV MAHLER completes his fourth symphony
@
HUBERT CECIL BOOTH'S vacuum cleaner is used to clean the carpets of Westminster Abbey
PAUL DIRAC is born
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI is born
RAY KROC is born
@
CLAUDE DEBUSSY writes La Mer
HENRY FORD sets up The Ford Motor Company
LOUIS LEAKEY is born
VLADIMIR LENIN'S social democratic party splits into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
GEORGE ORWELL is born
EMMELINE PANKHURST founds the Women's Social and Political Union
GREGORY PINCUS is born
BERTRAND RUSSELL writes After Principles Of Mathematics
BENJAMIN SPOCK is born
ORVILLE AND WILBUR WRIGHT make their first flight which lasts 12 seconds
MARIE CURIE becomes the first woman to win the Nobel Prize for physics
@
SALVADOR DALI is born
DENG XIAOPING is born
JAMES JOYCE returns briefly to Dublin from Paris
HENRI MATISSE'S first major exhibition held in Paris
J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER is born
ROBERT FALCON SCOTT completes a voyage to the Antarctic
KONSTANTIN STANISLAVSKY directs Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard
@
ALBERT EINSTEIN publishes the Special Theory Of Relativity, saying there is no such thing as absolute time or motion
WILLIAM R. HEARST fails in his attempt to be elected as independent Mayor of New York
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE is born
HENRI MATISSE and the other 'wild beasts' are scorned by the Paris critics
VLADIMIR LENIN hears in exile of a popular uprising in St. Petersburg
SIGMUND FREUD publishes Three Contributions to the Sexual Theory
HENRY HEINZ'S company sets up in Great Britain
ORVILLE AND WILBUR WRIGHT build the flyer III, the first aeroplane capable of flights of over half an hour
@
LEONID BREZHNEV is born
CHESTER CARLSON is born
HENRY HEINZ supports the Pure Food and Drug Act
ISADORA DUNCAN is forbidden to dance in public by the Berlin police
CARL JUNG'S book, Studies in Word Association, is published
@
W H AUDEN is born
RACHEL CARSON is born
KATHARINE HEPBURN is born
JAMES JOYCE writes a book of poetry entitled Chamber Music
GUSTAV MAHLER'S daughter dies, aged four
GEORGES DE MESTRAL is born
FRANK WHITTLE is born
@
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR is born
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON is born
CLAUDE DEBUSSY writes the piano suite Children's Corner
HENRY FORD launches the Model T, the first mass-produced car
ERNEST RUTHERFORD wins the Nobel Prize for chemistry for showing that atoms are not solid
PAUL EHRLICH wins the Nobel Prize for medicine for his work on 'charmed bullets'
WILBUR WRIGHT makes a flight lasting more than one hour
@
GUGLIELMO MARCONI wins the Nobel Prize for physics
ORVILLE AND WILBUR WRIGHT are hired by the US war office to develop a military aircraft
LEO HENDRIK BAEKELAND invents a moldable material and calls it bakelite
HENRY HEINZ'S company sets up in Canada
@
ALVA JOHN FISHER patents a washing machine and names it Thor
WALTER GROPIUS starts practising as an architect
GUGLIELMO MARCONI'S radio messages are used to capture a notorious murderer
ROSSER REEVES is born
ROBERT FALCON SCOTT sets out on an expedition to the South Pole
MOTHER TERESA is born
MARIE CURIE isolates uranium
IGOR STRAVINSKY causes a sensation with a new work, The Firebird
SIGMUND FREUD helps to establish the International Association of Psychoanalysis
GUSTAV MAHLER completes his eighth symphony
COCO CHANEL sets up as a hat designer
@
BILL BERNBACH is born
WINSTON CHURCHILL is appointed First Lord of the Admiralty
GUSTAV MAHLER dies
RONALD REAGAN is born
CHAD VARAH is born
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS is born
IGOR STRAVINSKY'S Petrushka has its first performance in Paris
ROBERT FALCON SCOTT reaches the South Pole, only to find Roald Amundsen has beaten him to it
MARIE CURIE wins a second Nobel Prize for chemistry
@
WERNHER VON BRAUN is born
COCO CHANEL opens her first boutique
MILTON FRIEDMAN is born
GUGLIELMO MARCONI'S radio messages help save lives on the Titanic
ROBERT FALCON SCOTT dies in the Antarctic on his way back from the Pole
JOSEPH STALIN joins the central committee of the Russian communist party
ALAN TURING is born
WILBUR WRIGHT dies of typhoid
CLAUDE DEBUSSY'S L'Apres Midi d'un Faune premieres in Paris with Nijinsky in the
lead role
CARL JUNG'S The Theory of Psychoanalysis is published
@
WILLY BRANDT is born
ISADORA DUNCAN'S two children die in a freak car accident
RICHARD NIXON is born
JESSE OWENS is born
EMMELINE PANKHURST is imprisoned six times. Her fellow suffragette Emily Davies throws herself under the King's horse at the Epsom Derby
ROSA PARKS is born
ANTON PHILIP'S company design the half-watt lamp
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE dies without having published his theory of signs
PATRICK STEPTOE is born
IGOR STRAVINSKY'S Rite Of Spring is staged for the first time. The performance descends into pandemonium
GIDEON SUNDBACK patents the zipper
MAHATMA GANDHI is jailed in South Africa - riots follow
@
JAMES JOYCE publishes Dubliners
BABE RUTH secures a contract with a local Baltimore team
ISAAC SHOENBERG arrives in Britain as an immigrant
BARBARA WARD is born
COCO CHANEL expands her business and begins to design clothes
BORIS PASTERNAK'S first volume of verse, Twin In Clouds, is published
@
WINSTON CHURCHILL resigns from the British government
MAHATMA GANDHI returns to India from South Africa
PAUL EHRLICH dies
JOHN HEARTFIELD experiments with photo-montage
BILLIE HOLIDAY is born
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE'S Course in General Linguistics is published posthumously in Paris
LE CORBUSIER formulates the Dom-ino system
@
MICHAEL COLLINS takes part in the Easter Rising
FRANCIS CRICK is born
MARTHA GRAHAM enrols at the Denishawn School of Dance
ANTON PHILIP'S factory is producing 80,000 light bulbs a day
ALBERT EINSTEIN extends the theory of relativity to include accelerated motion
CHARLES DE GAULLE is taken prisoner during heavy fighting in the first world war
@
INDIRA GANDHI is born
JOHN F KENNEDY is born
BORIS PASTERNAK witnesses the February Revolution
VLADIMIR LENIN returns to Russia and takes power in the October revolution
EDWARD LORENZ is born
FRANK McNAMARA is born
ERNEST RUTHERFORD attempts to split the atom
JOSEPH STALIN is appointed Commissar for Ethnic Minorities in the new Bolshevik government
GIDEON SUNDBACK'S invention is named the zipper
@
MICHAEL COLLINS wins an election to parliament at Westminster, but sets up an assembly of Sinn Fein representatives in Dublin
CLAUDE DEBUSSY dies
BILLY GRAHAM is born
NELSON MANDELA is born
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER is born
WILFRED OWEN is killed in the last week of the first world war
EMMELINE PANKHURST'S suffragette campaign succeeds: British women win the right to vote
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN is born
VLADIMIR LENIN establishes the Cheka, forerunner of the KGB secret police. The Russian civil war breaks out
@
HENRY HEINZ dies
EDMUND HILLARY is born
MIKHAIL KALASHNIKOV is born
JAMES LOVELOCK is born
BERTRAND RUSSELL writes Mathematical Philosophy
ERNEST RUTHERFORD splits an atom in his laboratory, proving it is not the smallest particle
BENITO MUSSOLINI founds the fascist party
CHARLES CHAPLIN founds United Artists along with Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and D W Griffith
MICHAEL COLLINS escapes through a skylight after Britain closes down the 'Irish parliament'
@
ALDOUS HUXLEY publishes Limbo
VLADIMIR LENIN'S Red Army inflicts heavy defeats on the Whites in the Russian civil war
CHARLIE "BIRD" PARKER is born
WILFRED OWEN'S poems are published posthumously in a collection called Poems
COCO CHANEL markets her perfume, Chanel No. 5
@
CHARLES CHAPLIN directs and acts in The Kid
MICHAEL COLLINS supports the partitioning of Ireland
BETTY FRIEDAN is born
HIROHITO makes a foreign tour and is warmly accepted in London by King George V
ALDOUS HUXLEY publishes Crome Yellow
VLADIMIR LENIN launches the New Economic Policy
MAO ZE DONG helps found the Chinese Communist Party
AKITO MORITA is born
MARGARET SANGER founds the American Birth Control League
ALBERT EINSTEIN is awarded the Nobel Prize for physics
JEAN PIAGET joins the Institut J.-J. Rousseau as its director of studies
@
FREDERICK BANTING discovers a cure for diabetes
CHRISTIAAN BARNARD is born
HELEN GURLEY BROWN is born
MICHAEL COLLINS dies in an ambush
SIGMUND FREUD makes the controversial assertion that children have sexual impulses
MAHATMA GANDHI is sentenced to 6 years in prison for sedition. He serves two
ANTON PHILIPS takes over as chief executive of Philips
BABE RUTH earns more this year than the US president
@
FREDERICK BANTING wins the Nobel Prize for medicine
ADOLF HITLER leads an unsuccessful coup in Munich
BENITO MUSSOLINI masterminds the invasion and occupation of Corfu
NINETTE DE VALOIS becomes solo dancer with the Ballet Russes
SIGMUND FREUD publishes The Ego And The Id
@
MARLON BRANDO is born
FRANZ KAFKA dies
VLADIMIR LENIN dies
@
WALTER GROPIUS designs a new building for the Bauhaus
ALFRED HITCHCOCK directs The Pleasure Garden
MARGARET THATCHER is born
VIRGINIA WOOLF writes an experimental novel, Mrs Dalloway
MALCOLM X is born
@
FRED ASTAIRE goes to Hollywood
MILES DAVIS is born
HIROHITO becomes Emperor of Japan
MARILYN MONROE is born
ISAAC SHOENBERG benefits from the first licence to allow television pictures to be transmitted around the world
NINETTE DE VALOIS founds the Academy of Choreographic Art in London
ROBERT WOODRUFF establishes a foreign department to sell Coca-Cola abroad
@
ISADORA DUNCAN dies in a bizarre accident
ANTON PHILIPS introduces his first set of electrical radios
F SHERWOOD ROWLAND is born
MARGARET SANGER organises the first World Population Conference
JOSEPH STALIN outmanoeuvres Leon Trotsky to become leader of the Soviet state
VIRGINIA WOOLF writes To The Lighthouse
HENRY FORD ceases production of the Model T
FIDEL CASTRO is born
@
JAMES BROWN is born
WALLACE CAROTHERS takes a job with Dupont
NOAM CHOMSKY is born
WALT DISNEY produces Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse's debut
ALEXANDER FLEMING discovers penicillin
ERNEST HEMINGWAY writes Death In The Afternoon
HENRY MOORE holds his first exhibition at the Warren Gallery in London
EMMELINE PANKHURST dies as British women win equal voting rights with men
JAMES WATSON is born
@
YASSER ARAFAT is born
ROGER BANNISTER is born
ALBERT EINSTEIN conceives the unified field theory
MARTIN LUTHER KING is born
MOTHER TERESA volunteers to work in Bengal
EDWIN HUBBLE realises that the universe is expanding
MIKHAIL KALASHNIKOV, aged 10, makes his first pistol, using a tube for the barrel, and match heads for the explosives
@
NEIL ARMSTRONG is born
W H AUDEN publishes a first collection of verse entitled Poems
RICHARD DREW launches Cellophane
MAHATMA GANDHI leads a march to the sea to make salt as part of a civil disobedience campaign
FRANZ KAFKA'S The Castle is published posthumously
HELMUT KOHL is born
FRANK WHITTLE patents the jet engine
AHMED ZAKI YAMANI is born
ANDY WARHOL is born
PAUL DIRAC develops the anti-particle theory
CLARENCE BIRDSEYE'S quick-freeze method enables frozen vegetables to go on sale for the first time
@
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV is born
RAYMOND LOEWY wins first prize for rust-free fridges at the Paris Exhibition
HENRI MATISSE creates his masterpiece, Dance
RUPERT MURDOCH is born
VIRGINIA WOOLF writes The Waves
NINETTE DE VALOIS founds the Vic-Wells Ballet
@
PAUL DIRAC becomes a professor at Cambridge University at the age of 29
MAHATMA GANDHI is arrested for the second time
JOHN HEARTFIELD publishes a groundbreaking montage, The Spirit Of Geneva
KATHARINE HEPBURN appears in A Bill Of Divorcement
ALDOUS HUXLEY writes Brave New World
LUC MONTAGNIER is born
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT becomes US president ending three terms of Republican rule
BILL BERNBACH, employed by Schenley Distillers as an office boy, writes his first advert for Schenley's American Whiskey
@
FRED ASTAIRE teams up with Ginger Rogers
BERTOLT BRECHT declares himself a political exile
WALTER GROPIUS completes the Existenzminimum housing at Siemensstadt
ADOLF HITLER comes to power in Germany
CHARLES DARROW invents Monopoly whilst unemployed, using an oilcloth for the board and charms from his wife's charm bracelet as counters
@
BRIGITTE BARDOT is born
WERNHER VON BRAUN is awarded a PhD by the Berlin Institute of Technology
MARIE CURIE dies
SALVADOR DALI holds his first exhibition
YURI GAGARIN is born
ADOLF HITLER combines the offices of Chancellor and President and declares himself 'Fuhrer'
MAO ZE DONG and his army embarks on the Long March
ULRIKE MEINHOF is born
CHARLES DE GAULLE publishes Towards a Professional Army, stressing the importance of a mobility in the field
@
DAVID BEN GURION takes charge of the Jewish Agency
STANLEY COHEN is born
RICHARD DREW makes his first million dollars from sales of masking tape
HAILE SELASSIE resists Mussolini's attack on Abyssinia
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT builds Falling Water, his most famous house
BENITO MUSSOLINI'S attack on Abyssinia is condemned by the League of Nations
JESSE OWENS breaks five world records and equals a sixth in the space of 45 minutes
ELVIS PRESLEY is born
BABE RUTH retires from baseball
GIDEON SUNDBACK introduces zippers for men's trousers
BILL WILSON realises the key to beating a drinking problem is support from other alcoholics
CHARLES DARROW sells his idea to Parker. His board game Monopoly is introduced to Britain
@
HERBERT BOYER is born
FRANCISCO FRANCO conspires with other generals to bring down the Spanish Government. His provisional government is recognised by Hitler and Mussolini
ERNEST HEMINGWAY writes The Green Hills Of Africa
JESSE OWENS makes sporting history at the Berlin Olympics
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT is re-elected with a massive majority
BERTRAND RUSSELL writes Which Way To Peace?
HAILE SELASSIE goes into exile in Britain
ISAAC SHOENBERG develops the high definition television system, later adopted by the BBC
ALAN TURING shows how a computing system can help to decipher German codes
ADOLF HITLER sends German troops into the Rhineland. Britain and France do nothing to stop him
BENITO MUSSOLINI signs the Axis Pact with Germany pledging himself to an alliance with Hitler
LOUIS LEAKEY'S book, Stone Age Africa, is published
@
WALLACE CAROTHERS dies
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON photographs the coronation of King George VI and his fame spreads across Europe
WALT DISNEY produces Snow White, his first feature-length cartoon
ROBERT GALLO is born
ERNEST HEMINGWAY returns to Spain to report on the civil war
TED HOFF is born
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT becomes the first architect to appear on the cover of Time Magazine
GUGLIELMO MARCONI dies
GEORGE ORWELL documents the lives of the unemployed in the north of England in The Road to Wigan Pier
PABLO PICASSO creates Guernica, his epic condemnation of war
ERNEST RUTHERFORD dies
@
LASZLO BIRO produces a rudimentary ball point pen
CHESTER CARLSON produces the first electrophotographic image
JOHN HEARTFIELD moves to London
ADOLF HITLER absorbs Austria into a Greater Germany, then annexes the Sudetenland
RAYMOND LOEWY becomes an American citizen
RUDOLF NUREYEV is born
MARGARET SANGER wins the right to allow doctors to prescribe contraception for medical reasons
KONSTANTIN STANISLAVSKY dies
BERTOLT BRECHT writes Galileo
@
WALLACE CAROTHERS gives the public its first view of nylon stockings
SIGMUND FREUD dies in London
GERMAINE GREER is born
BENITO MUSSOLINI invades Albania in April. In May he signs the Pact of Steel with Hitler
JOSEPH STALIN makes a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany
ADOLF HITLER invades Poland, precipitating the second world war
BERTOLT BRECHT writes Mother Courage
CHARLES DE GAULLE commands armoured units as a junior officer in the French Fifth Army
WINSTON CHURCHILL is taken back into the British cabinet as First Lord of the Admiralty
FRANCISCO FRANCO declares the Spanish civil war officially at an end
@
CHARLES CHAPLIN directs and appears in The Great Dictator, a satire on Nazi Germany
WINSTON CHURCHILL takes over from Neville Chamberlain as Britain's prime minister
CHARLES DE GAULLE flees to England when France falls, and forms the Free French Movement
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT is elected president for an unprecedented third term
PELE is born
MARTHA GRAHAM works on Letter to the World
ADOLF HITLER defeats the Allied armies in France forcing France out of the war
JOSEPH STALIN gains territory in the 'winter war' against Finland
BENITO MUSSOLINI declares war on the Allies and invades France
@
FREDERICK BANTING dies
BOB DYLAN is born
CHARLES DE GAULLE forms a French provisional government in London
HO CHI MINH forms the Vietminh to fight France and Japan
JAMES JOYCE dies
HENRY MOORE is appointed war artist in Britain
CHARLIE "BIRD" PARKER makes his first recording playing baritone sax
JOSEPH STALIN'S pact with Hitler collapses when Germany invades Russia
ADOLF HITLER'S armies sweep across Soviet territory and reach the approaches to Moscow by winter
JOSIP BROZ TITO forms partisan groups to fight the Nazis
VIRGINIA WOOLF dies
RACHEL CARSON publishes Under the Sea Wind
WINSTON CHURCHILL secures American aide for the British war effort in the shape of the Lend Lease Act
HIROHITO'S air force launches a devastating surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbour
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT declares war on Japan
BENITO MUSSOLINI'S forces suffer defeat in north Africa and he is forced to accept German aid
WILLIAM R HEARST bans all reference to Orson Welles after the film Citizen Kane, based on his life, is released
@
MUHAMMAD ALI is born
SALVADOR DALI writes his autobiography The Secret Life Of Salvador Dali
STEPHEN HAWKING is born
KATHARINE HEPBURN and Spencer Tracy begin their screen partnership with Woman Of The Year
J ROBERT OPPENHEIMER is appointed head of the US government laboratory at Los Alamos
IGOR STRAVINSKY writes Circus Polka - a dance for elephants in tutus
CHARLES DE GAULLE, with the help of Allied forces, liberates all French colonies in North Africa
HIROHITO presides over a string of Japanese victories culminating in the decisive defeat of British forces in Singapore
WINSTON CHURCHILL steers Britain to successful allied landings in North Africa
ADOLF HITLER commits vast numbers of men to the battle for Stalingrad
JOSEPH STALIN receives aid from America enabling Russia to defend Stalingrad
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT declares war on Germany
BENITO MUSSOLINI'S regime comes under increasing pressure as Axis forces collapse in north Africa
@
WERNHER VON BRAUN produces the first V-2s - "Vengeance weapons"
NOLAN BUSHNELL is born
JOSEPH STALIN'S Red Army annihilates the entire German Sixth Army at Stalingrad, the turning-point of the war
MARIO MOLINA is born
ELVIS PRESLEY begins his singing career after winning a talent contest
ANITA RODDICK is born
LECH WALESA is born
HIROHITO'S armies suffer defeats at Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Bismarck Sea
ADOLF HITLER'S forces under field Marshall Rommel are driven out of North Africa
WINSTON CHURCHILL is able to open the second front with the invasion of Mussolini's Italy
BENITO MUSSOLINI resigns following the invasion of Sicily. Rescued by the Germans, he becomes the head of a new fascist regime in northern Italy
@
LEO HENDRIK BAEKELAND dies
CHARLES DE GAULLE becomes joint president of the French Committee of National Liberation
ALFRED HITCHCOCK releases Lifeboat
CHICO MENDES is born
NICHOLAS NEGROPONTE is born
WINSTON CHURCHILL sends an invasion force into German-occupied France on D-Day
FRANK WHITTLE'S jet engine goes into action for the first time
BERTOLT BRECHT writes The Caucasian Chalk Circle
WERNHER VON BRAUN'S V-2 rockets rain down on London
CHARLES DE GAULLE walks in triumph through Paris after four years of Nazi rule
HIROHITO becomes increasingly disillusioned as Japan suffers defeat after defeat
ADOLF HITLER survives an assassination attempt launched by officers in his own army
JOSEPH STALIN'S forces drive the remaining German forces from the Soviet Union
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT is elected President for the fourth time making him the longest serving President in American history
CARL JUNG completes his book Psychology and Alchemy
LOUIS LEAKEY discovers fossils and tools used by men of the Old Stone Age 250 000 years ago in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya
@
J ROBERT OPPENHEIMER oversees the detonation of the first atomic bomb, a test-run
LASZLO BIRO'S first pen goes on sale in Argentina
FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT dies on the eve of victory
MITCHELL FEIGENBAUM is born
CHARLES DE GAULLE is named head of the French provisional government
HIROHITO witnesses the devastation of Hiroshima caused by the use of the atomic bomb
ALEXANDER FLEMING is born
BENITO MUSSOLINI is killed by Italian partisans while attempting to flee from Italy
GEORGE ORWELL publishes Animal Farm
JOSEPH STALIN'S armies bring the Third Reich to an end by capturing Berlin
HO CHI MINH declares Vietnamese independence in Hanoi
WINSTON CHURCHILL leads victory celebrations as Britain wins the second world war
CHARLIE PARKER'S first recording issued in his own name is released
ADOLF HITLER shoots himself in his bunker as Russian troops close in
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS writes The Glass Menagerie
HIROHITO forces Japan to surrender to the Allies after the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by atomic bombs
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN, a junior army officer, is arrested and consigned to the gulag
@
BILLY GRAHAM makes his first visit to Britain
MOTHER TERESA receives a divine call to help the poor of Calcutta
@
YASSER ARAFAT witnesses the partitioning of Palestine between Arabs and Jews
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON founds the Magnum Photo Agency
MILES DAVIS is named New Star of The Year in the Esquire Critics' poll
ALVA JOHN FISHER dies
STEVEN SPIELBERG is born
BILL WILSON'S organisation Alcoholics Anonymous gains recognition in Britain
FRANCISCO FRANCO is declared head of state for life in Spain
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS writes A Streetcar Named Desire
MARLON BRANDO'S performance in A Streetcar Named Desire catapults him to stardom
DAVID BEN GURION and Golda Meir unsuccessfully beg Irgun to end all terrorist attacks
MIKHAIL KALASHNIKOV produces the first 'Avtomat Kalashnikova', the AK-47 rifle
@
YASSER ARAFAT goes into exile
DAVID BEN GURION becomes prime minister of the Provisional government as Israel is declared
MAHATMA GANDHI is assassinated
ALFRED HITCHCOCK produces Rope, his first film in colour
NELSON MANDELA witnesses the Nationalist Party led by Dr Malan win the elections
BABE RUTH dies
ORVILLE WRIGHT dies
MARTHA GRAHAM works on Diversion of Angels
@
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR writes The Second Sex
PABLO ESCOBAR is born
RAYMOND LOEWY becomes the first designer to appear on the cover of Time Magazine
MAO ZE DONG proclaims the People's Republic of China
GEORGE ORWELL publishes 1984
ILYICH RAMIREZ SANCHEZ is born
BILL BERNBACH, Ned Doyle and Maxwell Dane form the Doyle Dane Bernbach advertising agency
@
LUIS BUNUEL'S film Los Olvidados wins the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival
MARILYN MONROE begins to make her presence felt in Hollywood with the film All About Eve
GEORGE ORWELL dies
MOTHER TERESA founds the Mission of Charity
STEPHAN WOZNIAK is born
JOHN HEARTFIELD returns to Berlin
BERTRAND RUSSELL wins the Nobel Prize for literature
WILLIAM DEMING makes his first trip to Japan
FRANK McNAMARA takes a group of friends to a New York restaurant and forgets his wallet. His embarrassment gives him the idea for Diners' Club, the first chargecard
@
WINSTON CHURCHILL is re-elected prime minister
SALVADOR DALI announces that for him "Surrealism is over"
WILLIAM R. HEARST dies
KATHARINE HEPBURN wins her fourth Academy Award nomination
ANTON PHILIPS dies
GREGORY PINCUS begins working on the contraceptive pill
BILL WILSON dies
NELSON MANDELA witnesses the end of the 'Colored' vote in South Africa
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER sees British troops take control of the Suez Canal
MARLON BRANDO stars in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire, voted best film of 1951
FRANCIS CRICK and JAMES WATSON begin research into the molecular structure of DNA
